基于GM(1,1)的应力损伤轻骨料混凝土抗冻性评估

对灾变后轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能评估的关键在于对其在特定灾变程度下抗冻融性能的精确定量描述及预测。通过反复加载对轻骨料混凝土预加初始应力损伤来模拟灾变,以相对动弹性模量为评价指标,研究初始损伤度分别为0、0.05、0.12、0.19、0.27的轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能;将灰色系统理论引入混凝土抗冻耐久性研究中,利用相对动弹性模量实测数据建立基于GM(1,1)的应力损伤轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能预测模型,与修正的Loland混凝土损伤模型对比并进行精度分析;借助建立的GM(1,1)预测模型定量研究初始应力损伤对轻骨料混凝土抗冻耐久性的影响并预测其抗冻耐久寿命。结果表明：初始应力损伤会加速轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能劣化,且初始损伤度越大劣化速率越快;各初始损伤度下GM(1,1)模型的平均相对误差均小于4.5%,GM(1,1)模型的预测精度整体上优于修正Loland模型;轻骨料混凝土自身具有良好的抗冻融性能,在内蒙古中西部地区抗冻耐久寿命可达45年,当初始损伤度为0.05、0.12、0.19、0.27时,抗冻耐久寿命分别缩短至30年、25年、17.5年、10年。基于GM(1,1)的应力损伤轻骨料混凝土抗冻融性能预测模型可实现对灾变后轻骨料混凝土全寿命周期内抗冻融性能较为精确的定量评估,为指导北方寒旱区轻骨料混凝土工程实践提供理论依据。     

金属大气腐蚀实验技术进展

综述了金属大气腐蚀的实验方法和分析手段及各种方 法的优缺点，探讨了金属大气腐蚀研究的发展趋势.     

CMS环境下基于智能优化算法的单元间布局问题研究*

研究了单元制造系统(CMS)设计中单元间布局设计问题,从单元制造系统的实际出发,提出了一种基于割树(Slicing-tree)的单元间布局设计模型.该模型考虑了单元形状约束、单元I/O点位置优化等诸因素对布局结果的影响.针对基于割树的描述形式,采用遗传算法求解,提出了一种新的割树编码方案,克服了以往编码方案易产生非法子串、不能覆盖整个解空间以及实现困难等缺点.计算结果表明,该算法是有效的、可行的.     

Barley leaves mediated biosynthesis of Au nanomaterials as a potential contrast agent for computed tomography imaging

Science China Technological Sciences - Over the past few years, environment-friendly green synthetic methods for metal nanoparticles (NPs) have received considerable attention. The use of plant...     

3D Prussian blue/Pt decorated carbon nanofibers based screen-printed microchips for the ultrasensitive hydroquinone biosensing

Nowadays,water pollution has become more serious,greatly affecting human life and healthy.Electrochemical biosensor,a novel and rapid detection technique,plays an important role in the real-time and trace detection of water pollutants.However,the stability and sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors remain a great challenge for practical detections in real samples to the strong interferences derived from complex components and coagulation effects.In this work,we reported a novel three-dimensional architecture of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs)/ Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) composite film,using 3D interweaved carbon nanofibers as a supporting matrix,for the construction of screen-printed microchips-based biosensor.PtNPs with diameters of～2.5 nm was highly dispersed on the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to build a 3D skeleton nanostructure through a solvothermal reduction.Subsequently,uniform PBNPs were in-situ self-assembled on this skeleton to construct a 3D architecture of PB/Pt-CNF composite film.Due to the synergistic effects derived from this special feature,the as-prepared hydro-quinone (HQ) biosensor chips can synchronously promote both surface area and conductivity to greatly enhance the electrocatalysis from enzymatic reaction.This biosensor has exhibited a high sensitivity of 220.28 μA·L·mmol-1·cm-2 with an ultrawide linear range from 2.5μmol·L-1 to 1.45 mmol·L-1 at a low potential of 0.15 V,as well as the satisfactory reproducibility and usage stability.Besides,its accuracy was also verified in the assays of real water samples.It is highly expected that the 3D PB/Pt-CNF based screen-printed microchips will have wide applications in dynamic monitoring and early warning of ana-lytes in the various practical fields.     

The Effects of Random Porosities in Resonant Frequencies of Graphene Based on the Monte Carlo Stochastic Finite Element Model

With the distinguished properties in electronics, thermal conductivity, optical transparence and mechanics, graphene has a powerful potential in nanosensors, nano-resonators, supercapacitors, batteries, etc. The resonant frequency of graphene is an important factor in its application and working environment. However, the random dispersed porosities in graphene evidently change the lattice structure and destroy the integrity and geometrical periodicity. This paper focuses on the effects of random porosities in resonant frequencies of graphene. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to propagate the porosities in the finite element model of pristine graphene. The statistical results and probability density distribution of porous graphene with atomic vacancy defects are computed based on the Monte Carlo finite element model. The results of porous graphene with atomic vacancy defects are compared and discussed with the results of graphene with bond vacancy defects. The enhancement effects of atomic vacancy defects are confirmed in porous graphene. The influences of atomic vacancy defects on displacement and rotation vector sums of porous graphene are more concentrated in local places.     

Chemical Labeling of Protein 4′-Phosphopantetheinylation

Nature uses a diverse array of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) to regulate protein structure, activity, localization, and function. Among them, protein 4′-phosphopantetheinylation derived from coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential PTM for the biosynthesis of fatty acids, polyketides, and nonribosomal peptides in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To explore its functions, various chemical probes mimicking the natural structure of 4′-phosphopantetheinylation have been developed. In this minireview, we summarize these chemical probes and describe their applications in direct and metabolic labeling of proteins in bacterial and mammalian cells.     

微波场中铌精矿碳热还原反应行为研究

目前铌资源的研究大多处于常规加热阶段,因为能耗高、冷中心等问题无法广泛推广。微波加热技术是一种新型加热技术,可以有效避免冷中心等问题。借助微波马弗炉将铌精矿碳热还原反应与微波加热相结合,探究还原温度、配碳比及保温时间对铌精矿金属化率的影响,以及金属颗粒的成长行为。研究结果表明,微波加热在碳热还原反应中优于常规加热,在微波加热下,还原温度为1100℃、保温30 min、配碳比为1时,金属化率达到94.84%;1000℃时NbC开始生成,1100℃时铌钛产物主要为(Ti,Nb)C,1300℃时,钛的产物主要以TiC形式存在。     

“金属布”硬质复合涂层的微观组织及性能

用Ｘ射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、摩擦磨损试验等，研究了粉末冶金“金属布”及其钢表面改性技术在钢表面制备的ＷＣ－Ｎｉ系合金复合涂层的微观组织和性能。结果表明：该合金涂层中硬质相的体积含量可大于６０％；涂层的微观组织有两类：一种是在粘结相中均匀分布的碳化物与弥散分布的球状粘结相富集区构成的非均匀结构；另一种是碳化物和粘结相都均匀分布的均匀结构。碳化物分布区的硬度大于Ｈｖ１０７６，粘结相富集区的硬度在Ｈｖ９６７～Ｈｖ４５８之间。涂层与钢基体之间有几～几十微米的界面过渡区，形成剪切结合强度大于４００ＭＰａ的冶金结合。复合涂层的耐磨性明显优于调质Ｔ８工具钢。     

全球钛业回顾和展望

概述了磁光记录原理，介绍了磁光盘的基板材料，并重点阐述了稀土－过渡（ＲＥ－ＴＭ）合金非晶膜的制造方法，性能及其保护膜。另外还扼要介绍了氧化物单晶膜，多晶膜和多层超薄磁光记录膜的优缺点，并指出多层膜磁光记录材料是今后的发展方向。